The Lewis and Clark Expedition and the Theft
In 1803, the United States doubled in size with the Louisiana Purchase, acquiring vast territories west of the Mississippi River. To explore this newly acquired land, President Thomas Jefferson commissioned the Lewis and Clark Expedition, tasked with charting a path to the Pacific Ocean. Led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, the Corps of Discovery embarked on a perilous journey, encountering diverse landscapes, encountering various Indigenous peoples, and meticulously documenting their findings.
During the winter of 1805, the expedition reached the Columbia River and relied heavily on the assistance of the Chinook people for survival. The Chinook Nation provided crucial support, aiding the explorers with food, shelter, and guidance through the harsh winter. However, in a decision driven by necessity or perhaps a lack of understanding, the Corps of Discovery appropriated a Chinook canoe for their return journey. This act of taking without consent, while perhaps seen as pragmatic at the time, constitutes a significant historical injustice. The taking of the canoe exemplifies a broader pattern of disregard for Indigenous rights and the appropriation of resources that characterized early American expansion. This included the forced displacement of Native American populations from their ancestral lands, the suppression of their cultures, and the exploitation of their resources.

The Cultural Significance of the Canoe
Stealing a Native American canoe, such as those used by the Chinook people, was a profound insult. Canoes were not merely vessels; they were lifelines. Essential for fishing, hunting, and travel, they were crucial for survival. Beyond practicality, canoes embodied cultural identity, representing generations of knowledge, skills, and traditions. They were symbols of connection to the land and ancestors. Often given names and considered part of the family by many Native American cultures, including the Chinook, canoes held a deep personal and cultural significance. Stealing a canoe was a grave violation of property, a disrespect for their way of life, and an act that could disrupt entire communities and potentially escalate into conflict.
The Act of Reconciliation
Two centuries later, in 2004, during the Bi-Centennial celebration of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, Chinook tribal leader Ray Gardner brought the issue of the stolen canoe to the attention of the Clark family, descendants of the expedition leaders. This act of acknowledging the historical injustice and initiating a dialogue about the past was a crucial first step towards reconciliation. Recognizing the significance of this historical wrong, the Clark family took steps to rectify it. They commissioned the construction of a new, large ocean-going canoe for the Chinook Tribe. This gesture, beyond a simple apology, demonstrated a commitment to honoring the Chinook people and their cultural heritage. This act of reparation went beyond a simple apology; it was a tangible demonstration of the Clark family’s recognition of the historical injustice and their desire to make amends.
A Step Towards Healing
The repatriation ceremony, held in 2011, was a significant event. The presentation of the new canoe, accompanied by other gifts, marked a symbolic act of healing and a step towards a more equitable and respectful relationship between the descendants of the expedition and the Chinook people. This ceremony provided an opportunity for both parties to acknowledge the past, express their perspectives, and begin to heal the wounds of history.

The Chinook People: A History of Resilience
The Chinook people are Indigenous to the Pacific Northwest, historically inhabiting the lower Columbia River in Washington and Oregon. Renowned for their intricate social structure, sophisticated trading networks, and the development of Chinook Jargon, a trade language, they faced significant disruption due to European colonization. The arrival of Europeans brought devastating consequences, including the introduction of new diseases that decimated their population. Displacement from their traditional lands and the disruption of their way of life further compounded these challenges. Today, the Chinook Indian Nation continues to advocate for federal recognition, a crucial step towards addressing ongoing disparities. Limited access to healthcare, education, and economic opportunities remain significant challenges for the Chinook people as they strive to preserve their culture and ensure a prosperous future for their communities.
Keep them clean!
The story of the stolen canoe serves as a powerful reminder that our rivers are not just waterways, but lifelines for countless communities, both human and non-human. Just as the Chinook people relied on the Columbia River for their survival, countless species depend on healthy rivers for their existence. By protecting our rivers from pollution, over-exploitation, and the impacts of climate change, we are not only safeguarding the environment, but also honoring the interconnectedness of all life and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
F.A.Q.
The primary purpose of the Lewis and Clark Expedition was to explore the Louisiana Purchase, a vast territory acquired by the United States in 1803. They were tasked with finding a water route to the Pacific Ocean and gathering scientific and geographical information about the new lands.
The Chinook people provided essential support to the Lewis and Clark Expedition during their winter stay. They offered food, shelter, guidance through the harsh winter conditions, and valuable knowledge about the local environment and its resources.
Canoes were far more than just vessels for transportation to the Chinook people. They were essential for fishing, hunting, and travel, crucial for their survival. Additionally, canoes held deep cultural significance, representing generations of knowledge, skills, and traditions. They were often considered part of the family and had significant emotional and spiritual value.
In an effort to reconcile with the Chinook people, the Clark family commissioned the construction of a new, large ocean-going canoe for the Chinook Tribe. This act, along with other gestures, aimed to acknowledge the historical injustice and honor the Chinook people’s cultural heritage.
This event serves as a powerful example of how individuals and communities can work towards acknowledging past wrongs, fostering dialogue, and building more just and equitable relationships. It highlights the importance of recognizing and respecting the rights and sovereignty of Indigenous peoples.
Additional resources
- Amazon.com: A Canoe Named Klmin: Sixth-, Seventh-, Eighth-, and Ninth-Generation Family Members of Captain William Clark Right a Wrong: 9781637558836: Carlota “Lotsie” Clark Hermann Holton, Sam Robinson, Eve Pearlmutter, Peyton Clark, Warren Petoskey: Books
- chinook Indian Nation | Chinook Tribe – Cathlamet | Clatsop | Lower Chinook | Wahkiakum | Willapa
- A Canoe Named Klmin – YouTube
- Lewis and Clark Expedition – Wikipedia
- Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast – Wikipedia
- Joan-Ruttle-Wekell-Statement.pdf